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Charodeika-class monitor
The ''Charodeika'' class was a pair of monitors built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the late 1860s. They were designed by the British shipbuilder Charles Mitchell and built in Saint Petersburg. Both ships were assigned to the Baltic Fleet and had fairly uneventful careers mostly assigned to training units. struck a rock in 1869 and had to be run aground lest she sink. They were reclassified as coast-defense ironclads in 1892 and ''Rusalka'' sank during a storm in the Gulf of Finland the next year with the loss of all hands. Her sister ship continued in service until 1907 and was eventually scrapped in 1911–12. ''Rusalka''s wreck was discovered in 2003 by an expedition sponsored by the Estonian Maritime Museum.
==Design and description==
By late 1863, the Russian Admiralty Board had begun planning for the second generation of ironclads to succeed those ships then under construction and issued a requirement on 12 November〔All dates used in this article are New Style〕 for a twin-screw low-freeboard ship that could sail throughout the Baltic Sea. It was to be armed with smoothbore Dahlgren guns and protected by up to of armor. Before even deciding which designs to accept, the Admiralty decided to order eight ships of various types in March 1864. Charles Mitchell was allocated only one of the eight ships before he submitted four different designs for the competition in May–June. Two ships of his simplest design were awarded to a new builder, S. G. Kudriavtsev, who was provided facilities at the state-owned Galernyi Island Shipyard. In addition the Admiralty committed itself to furnishing the armament, armor, engines and boilers as well as a variety of smaller components for the two ships.〔McLaughlin, p. 155〕
The ''Charodeika''-class monitors were significantly larger than their predecessor, , and were long at the waterline. They had a beam of and a maximum draft of . The ships were designed to displace , but turned out to be overweight and actually displaced . They were fitted with a plough-shaped ram that projected forward of the bow. The ''Charodeika''s were fitted with a double bottom and their hulls were subdivided by watertight bulkheads into 25 compartments. Their crew numbered 13 officers and 171 crewmen in 1877.〔McLaughlin, pp. 156–57〕
The ships had a freeboard of only and their decks were often awash in any sort of moderate sea. They rolled heavily and were very unmaneuverable, often not responding to the ship's wheel until 20 degrees of rudder was applied. The monitors were fitted with three iron pole masts, probably fore-and-aft rigged, and used to steady the ship rather than for propulsion.〔McLaughlin, pp. 154–57, 160〕
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